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Friday, May 09, 2025

Srbija i evropske integracije: Kašnjenje u pristupu SEPA i otvaranju Klastera 3

Srbija i evropske integracije: Kašnjenje u pristupu SEPA i otvaranju Klastera 3

Srbija nije pristupila Jedinstvenom području plaćanja u evrima, a otvaranje Klastera 3 u pregovorima sa EU se odlaže.
Srbija nije dobila odobrenje za pristupanje Jedinstvenom području plaćanja u evrima (SEPA), iako se očekivalo da će to biti realizovano početkom marta 2025. Godine.

Narodna banka Srbije (NBS) navodi da su razlozi odlaganja tehničke prirode, dok se u analizi situacije često ukazuje na političke razloge za ovo kašnjenje.

Naime, NBS sučim se objašnjava da je Nedostatak usvojenih zakona u Narodnoj skupštini do tog datuma sprečio donošenje odlučivanja o prijavi Srbije za SEPA.

Nasuprot tome, na sastanku Odbora Evropskog platnog saveta održanom 6. marta, odlučeno je da Moldavija i Severna Makedonija budu primljene u SEPA, pridružujući se Albaniji i Crnoj Gori, kojima je članstvo takođe odobreno krajem novembra 2024.

SEPA je panevropska inicijativa, pokrenuta 2008. godine, koja ima za cilj da pojednostavi i harmonizuje elektronska plaćanja širom Evrope, uz smanjenje troškova.

Da bi se neka država pridružila SEPA, potrebno je usklađivanje sa zakonodavstvom Evropske unije u oblasti platnih sistema.

S obzirom da Srbija nije napredovala u evropskim integracijama od decembra 2021. godine, kada je otvorila Klaster 4, Evropska komisija je više puta ukazivala na trenutno ispunjene tehničke kriterijume za otvaranje Klastera 3. Ipak, ovo kašnjenje se često tumači kao nedostatak konsenzusa među članicama EU. U tom periodu, zvaničnici Srbije su preduzimali različite diplomatske korake, uključujući dostavljanje non-pejpera zemljama članicama sa planom reformi koje bi podstakle odluku o otvaranju Klastera 3.

Tanja Miščević, ministarka za evropske integracije, izjavila je da postoji mogućnost da se Klaster 3 otvori do kraja februara 2025. godine.

Međutim, poslednje informacije iz NBS sugeriraju da je Evropska komisija tražila od Srbije da reši neka pitanja vezana za suzbijanje pranja novca i finansiranja terorizma, pre nego što bude moguća procedura za priključenje SEPA.

Zakoni relevantni za ovu oblast su usvojeni 6. marta 2025. godine, istog dana kada je održan i sastanak Odbora Evropskog platnog saveta.

NBS očekuje da će Srbija dobiti punopravno članstvo nakon potvrde Evropske komisije, koja će uveriti da su preostale prepreke uklonjene.

Vladimir Međak, potpredsednik Evropskog pokreta u Srbiji, komentarišući situaciju, ističe da je teško razlučiti da li se radi o političkom ili tehničkom pitanju zbog nedostatka informacija iz EU. On navodi da je Srbija zabeležila stagnaciju u reformama, ukazujući na činjenicu da se prosecna ocena spremnosti Srbije u pregovorima od 2015. godine do danas nije značajno promenila.

U kontekstu čekanja na otvaranje Klastera 3 i pristup SEPA, situacija Srbije u evropskim integracijama se često analizira u svetlu šireg regionalnog okvira, gde su druge države poput Crne Gore i Albanije bile zapaženije u procesu pristupanja EU.
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